What is Anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction and has the potential to be life-threatening. It occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen such as food (e.g., nuts), insect stings, latex, medications, or other substances to which an individual is highly sensitive. Symptoms can escalate from mild reactions like tingling or itching in the mouth to severe symptoms such as swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, hoarse voice, persistent cough, abdominal cramps, and loss of consciousness.

Immediate treatment involves the administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) via an auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen®), laying the casualty flat, and calling emergency services. Continuous monitoring and readiness to perform CPR are essential if the casualty becomes unresponsive. Avoidance of known triggers is crucial, and individuals with a history of anaphylaxis should always carry their prescribed adrenaline auto-injector .

Symptoms

Difficulty breathing
Swelling of the face and throat
Rapid heartbeat
Drop in blood pressure

First Aid Steps

Administer an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen or Anapen) if available
Call emergency services immediately
Keep the casualty lying down with their legs elevated
Monitor their breathing and pulse and be prepared to perform CPR if necessary

Takeaway to Remember

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure.

Reference

First Aid e-Manual ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND ANAPHYLAXIS