What is Stroke?

A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to brain cell damage or death. Strokes can result from blockages (ischemic stroke) or ruptures (haemorrhagic stroke) of blood vessels supplying the brain. Recognising stroke symptoms is critical in first aid to facilitate prompt medical intervention and minimise long-term disability.

Common signs of stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body), confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, severe headache, and difficulty walking or maintaining balance. Responders use the FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) mnemonic to quickly assess and identify stroke symptoms.

Immediate activation of emergency medical services is crucial for rapid diagnosis and treatment, which may include clot-dissolving medications or surgical interventions.

Signs of a Stroke

Face Drooping: One side of the face may droop or become numb.
Weakness: Inability to raise one or both arms, difficulty walking or maintaining balance, weakness in the face, arm, or leg.
Speech Difficulty: Slurred or incoherent speech.
Confusion: Trouble understanding speech or knowing where they are or what is happening.
Headache: Severe headache.

First Aid for Stroke

Call Emergency Services: Dial 000 immediately.
Keep the Person Calm: Help them sit or lie down comfortably.
Monitor Condition: Check for changes in consciousness and breathing.

Takeaway to Remember

A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients.

Reference

First Aid e-Manual Stroke